Growing Chamomile for Tea: A Comprehensive Guide

Imagine a warm cup of chamomile tea, its gentle floral aroma filling your senses, easing away the day's stress. Now, imagine that tea is brewed from chamomile you've grown yourself, nurtured from tiny seed to fragrant bloom. Growing chamomile for tea is a simple pleasure, accessible to even novice gardeners. This guide will walk you through every step, from selecting the right variety to brewing the perfect cup.

Why Grow Your Own Chamomile?

Before diving into the how-to, let's explore the why. Why bother growing chamomile when you can easily buy tea bags at the store? The answer lies in freshness, control, and connection.

**Superior Freshness:Commercially produced chamomile tea is often dried and stored for extended periods, losing some of its delicate flavor and aroma. Freshly harvested and dried chamomile from your garden boasts a brighter, more vibrant character.

**Control Over Quality:When you grow your own, you know exactly what's going into your tea. You can avoid pesticides, herbicides, and other chemicals that may be used in commercial farming.

**A Deeper Connection:There's a unique satisfaction in harvesting and using something you've grown yourself. It fosters a deeper appreciation for nature and the simple pleasures of life. The act of tending to your chamomile plants can be a form of meditation in itself.
**Cost Savings:Over time you can save money on tea bags by growing your own.

Choosing the Right Chamomile Variety

Chamomile isn't just one plant; there are two main types commonly grown for tea: German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). While both produce delightful tea, they have distinct characteristics.

German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla)

**Annual:German chamomile is an annual, meaning it completes its life cycle in one growing season. You'll need to replant it each year.
**Taller Growth:It grows taller than Roman chamomile, typically reaching heights of 1 to 2 feet.
**Stronger Flavor:German chamomile is known for its slightly stronger, sweeter flavor and higher concentration of essential oils.
**Self-Seeding:It readily self-seeds, so if you let a few flowers mature and drop their seeds, you'll likely have new plants popping up the following year.
**Best for Tea:Most people are familiar with the German chamomile and its use for tea.

Roman Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile)

**Perennial:Roman chamomile is a perennial, meaning it will live for several years.
**Creeping Growth:It has a creeping growth habit, forming a low-growing mat that can be used as a ground cover.
**Milder Flavor:The flavor of Roman chamomile is milder and slightly more bitter than German chamomile.
**Less Self-Seeding:Does not re-seed itself as readily as the German variety.
**Multiple Uses:While it can be used for tea, Roman chamomile is also popular for its ornamental qualities and its ability to release a pleasant scent when walked upon.

Which Variety Should You Choose?

For tea purposes, **German chamomile is generally preferreddue to its stronger flavor and higher oil content. However, if you're looking for a low-maintenance, perennial ground cover with a chamomile aroma, Roman chamomile may be a better choice. You can even grow both!

Sourcing Chamomile Seeds or Plants

Once you've decided on a variety, it's time to acquire your seeds or plants.

**Seeds:Chamomile seeds are readily available from online retailers, nurseries, and garden centers. Look for certified organic seeds to ensure they haven't been treated with harmful chemicals.
**Plants:You may be able to find chamomile plants at local nurseries, especially in the spring. Buying plants will give you a head start on the growing season.
**Cuttings/Division:You might know someone who already has Roman chamomile. If that is the case you can propagate it via cuttings or division of an existing plant. This is not usually done with German chamomile.

Growing Chamomile: A Step-by-Step Guide

Now for the fun part: planting and nurturing your chamomile!

1. Choosing the Right Location

Chamomile thrives in sunny locations with well-drained soil.

**Sunlight:Aim for at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day.
**Soil:Chamomile prefers slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 6.0-7.0). It's not overly picky about soil fertility and can even tolerate poor soil. However, good drainage is crucial to prevent root rot. Amend heavy clay soil with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage.
**Container Growing:Chamomile also grows well in containers, making it a great option for balconies, patios, or small spaces. Use a well-draining potting mix and choose a pot that is at least 6 inches in diameter.

2. Starting Chamomile from Seed

Starting from seed is a cost-effective way to grow chamomile, especially the German variety.

**Timing:Start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last expected frost, or direct sow them outdoors after the danger of frost has passed.
**Sowing:Chamomile seeds are tiny and need light to germinate. Sprinkle them on the surface of the soil and gently press them down. Do not cover them with soil.
**Watering:Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Use a spray bottle to gently mist the surface.
**Germination:Germination typically occurs within 7-14 days.
**Transplanting:If you started your seeds indoors, transplant the seedlings outdoors after the last frost, spacing them 6-12 inches apart.

3. Planting Chamomile Plants

If you purchased chamomile plants from a nursery, transplant them into your garden or containers after the last frost.

**Spacing:Space the plants 6-12 inches apart.
**Planting Depth:Plant them at the same depth they were growing in their original containers.
**Watering:Water thoroughly after planting.

4. Caring for Your Chamomile Plants

Chamomile is a relatively low-maintenance herb, but a little care will ensure a bountiful harvest.

**Watering:Water regularly, especially during dry periods. Avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot. Allow the soil to dry out slightly between waterings.
**Fertilizing:Chamomile doesn't require heavy fertilization. A light feeding with compost tea or a balanced organic fertilizer in the spring is sufficient.
**Weeding:Keep the area around your chamomile plants free of weeds, which can compete for nutrients and water.
**Deadheading:Regularly deadhead spent flowers to encourage more blooms.
**Pest and Disease Control:Chamomile is generally pest and disease-resistant. However, watch out for potential problems like aphids or powdery mildew. Treat infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Ensure good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases.

Propagating Chamomile

While some gardeners might not consider German chamomile a prime candidate propagation methods exist for Roman chamomile.

**Division**: The most successful method for multiplying Roman chamomile involves dividing a mature plant. Carefully dig up the entire plant during the early spring or fall. Gently separate the root ball into smaller sections, ensuring each division has healthy roots and foliage. Replant the divisions immediately in prepared soil, water thoroughly, and keep them moist until they establish new growth.
**Cuttings:To propagate Roman chamomile through cuttings, take 3-4 inch stem cuttings from healthy, non-flowering shoots in the spring or early summer. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Plant the cuttings in a well-draining potting mix, keep them consistently moist and provide indirect light. Roots should develop in a few weeks, after which the cuttings can be transplanted into individual pots or directly into the garden.

Harvesting Chamomile Flowers

The key to flavorful chamomile tea is harvesting the flowers at the right time.

**Timing:Harvest the flowers when they are fully open and the petals are still white and firm, not drooping or browning. This is when they contain the highest concentration of essential oils. This is generally 4-6 weeks after planting.
**Method:Use scissors or your fingers to gently snip off the flower heads.
**Frequency:Harvest regularly throughout the growing season to encourage continuous blooming.

Drying Chamomile for Tea

Fresh chamomile flowers can be used for tea, but drying them allows you to store them for later use.

**Air Drying:The simplest method is to air dry the flowers. Spread them out in a single layer on a clean screen or cloth in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place. Avoid direct sunlight, which can degrade the flavor and color. Turn the flowers occasionally to ensure even drying. Drying typically takes 1-2 weeks.
**Oven Drying:You can also dry chamomile flowers in the oven at a very low temperature (around 100°F or 38°C). Spread the flowers on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper and leave the oven door slightly ajar to allow moisture to escape. Check them frequently to prevent scorching.
**Dehydrator:A food dehydrator is another option for drying chamomile flowers. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for drying herbs.
**Determining Dryness:The flowers are fully dried when they are crispy and crumble easily.

Storing Dried Chamomile

Proper storage is essential to preserve the flavor and aroma of your dried chamomile.

**Airtight Containers:Store the dried flowers in airtight containers, such as glass jars or tins.
**Dark, Cool, and Dry Place:Keep the containers in a dark, cool, and dry place away from direct sunlight and heat.
**Shelf Life:Dried chamomile can last for up to a year if stored properly.

Brewing Chamomile Tea

Finally, the moment you've been waiting for: brewing your own chamomile tea!

**Dosage:Use about 1-2 teaspoons of dried chamomile flowers per cup of hot water. Experiment to find the strength you prefer.
**Water Temperature:Use water that is just below boiling (around 200°F or 93°C).
**Steeping Time:Steep the flowers for 5-10 minutes, depending on the desired strength.
**Straining:Strain the tea through a fine-mesh sieve or cheesecloth to remove the flowers.
**Adding Sweeteners (Optional):Sweeten with honey, maple syrup, or your favorite sweetener, if desired.
**Enjoy!Sit back, relax, and savor the soothing flavor of your homemade chamomile tea.

Beyond Tea: Other Uses for Chamomile

While tea is the most common use for chamomile, this versatile herb has many other applications.

**Aromatherapy:The essential oil of chamomile is used in aromatherapy for its calming and relaxing properties. It can be added to diffusers, bathwater, or massage oils.
**Skincare:Chamomile has anti-inflammatory and soothing properties that make it beneficial for skincare. It can be used in creams, lotions, and toners to soothe irritated skin, reduce redness, and promote healing.
**Hair Care:Chamomile can also be used to lighten and brighten hair. Steep chamomile flowers in hot water and use the cooled tea as a hair rinse after shampooing.
**Companion Planting:Chamomile is a beneficial companion plant for many vegetables and herbs. It can attract beneficial insects, repel pests, and improve the growth of nearby plants.
**Herbal Remedies:Chamomile has been used traditionally for a variety of ailments, including anxiety, insomnia, digestive problems, and skin conditions.

Troubleshooting Common Chamomile Growing Problems

Even with the best care, you may encounter some challenges when growing chamomile. Here are some common problems and how to address them:

**Poor Germination:If your chamomile seeds aren't germinating, make sure they are fresh, the soil is consistently moist, and they are receiving enough light.
**Leggy Growth:Leggy growth indicates that the plants aren't receiving enough sunlight. Move them to a sunnier location or provide supplemental light.
**Yellowing Leaves:Yellowing leaves can be a sign of overwatering, nutrient deficiency, or pest infestation. Adjust your watering schedule, fertilize with a balanced fertilizer, and inspect the plants for pests.
**Root Rot:Root rot is caused by overly wet soil. Ensure good drainage and avoid overwatering.
**Aphids:Aphids are small, sap-sucking insects that can weaken chamomile plants. Treat infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
**Powdery Mildew:Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that appears as a white, powdery coating on the leaves. Ensure good air circulation and treat with a fungicide if necessary.

Chamomile as a Companion Plant

Chamomile offers synergistic growing benefits when planted near other plants.

**Attract Beneficial Insects:Chamomile flowers attract beneficial insects, such as hoverflies and ladybugs, which prey on aphids and other garden pests.
**Repel Pests:Chamomile is also believed to repel certain pests, such as cabbage moths and nematodes.
**Improve Growth:Some gardeners believe that chamomile can improve the growth and flavor of nearby plants. It is said to be especially beneficial for brassicas (cabbage, broccoli, kale), onions, and herbs like basil and mint.
**Suitable Companions:Good companion plants for chamomile include: Basil, Broccoli, Cabbage, Kale, Onions, Mint and Fruit Trees

Is Chamomile Right for You?

Growing chamomile for tea is a rewarding experience that connects you with nature and provides you with a delicious and healthful beverage. With its ease of cultivation, versatility, and numerous benefits, chamomile is a welcome addition to any garden. Whether you have a sprawling backyard or a small balcony, you can enjoy the simple pleasure of growing your own chamomile. So grab some seeds, get your hands dirty, and embark on a fragrant journey to a more relaxing cup of tea. Happy growing!